Truth and Goodness in Immanuel Kant and St. Thomas...

Immanuel Kant and St. Thomas Aquinas account for the existence of truth in sharply contrasting ways. Kant locates all truth inside the mind, as a pure product of reason, operating by means of rational categories. Although Kant acknowledges that all knowledge originates in the intuition of the senses, the intelligibility of sense experience he attributes to innate forms of apperception and to categories inherent to the mind. The innate categories shape the â€Å"phenomena† of sensible being, and Kant claims nothing can be known or proved about the â€Å"noumena,† the presumed world external to the mind.1 Aquinas agrees that all knowledge comes through the senses, but disagrees with Kant in arguing that categorical qualities do not originate†¦show more content†¦The two views of truth have divergent consequences for ethics. Aquinas’ philosophy produces a tradition of moral clarity that endures to the present, while the philosophy of Kant leads ultimat ely to the cultural relativism and moral skepticism that are widespread in the modern world. For Immanuel Kant, truth is accessible to the mind only because it derives from rational categories already in the mind. Although knowledge begins in the senses, Kant claims, â€Å"besides what is given to the sensuous intuition, special concepts must yet be superadded—concepts which have their origin wholly a priori in the pure understanding, and under which every perception must be first of all subsumed and then by their means changed into experience.†6 The sources of such synthetic a priori concepts are categories inherent in reason, and Kant supplies a table of such categories, including in it: Unity (measure), Plurality (magnitude), Totality (whole), Reality, Negation, Limitation, Substance, Cause, Community, Possibility, Existence, and Necessity.7 Thus, the understanding of any perceived thing as a whole entity, or as having an independent material existence, or as being caused by anything, or as itself the cause of anything has its origin in ration al categories in the mind and is not traceable to any essential quality or state of being that can be attributed to the thing in itself, according to Kant.Show MoreRelatedAnselm s Argument On The Ontological Argument1614 Words   |  7 Pagesbe thought of. A number of philosophers do not agree with Anselm’s argument, such as Gaunilo, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. However, despite these arguments against him, Anselm’s argument is still valid. Anselm’s argument, the ontological argument, states that we cannot imagine something that is able to be greater than God. There are six premises for his argument: first, it is a theoretical truth that God is the greatest possible being that is able to be thought of. Second, God is presentRead MoreEthical Theories Of Ethical Theory1461 Words   |  6 Pageswith the process of making righteous decisions. There are four different ethical theories that have contributed such relevance in today s current ethical theory. These theories are Utilitarianism, New Testament Exegesis, Saint Thomas Aquinas ´ ethical views, and Immanuel Kant s ethical philosophy. Utilitarianism is a doctrine of utility and helps us find the good out of a situation of ethical circumstances. Through utilitarianism, it states that we should try to produce the greatest amount of goodRead MoreDo God Exist ?1960 Words   |  8 Pagesmetaphysical. Actually, these arguments seek to prove that the existence of a being or having faith with at least one attribute that only God could have is logically necessary.    2. Believing and having faith in God will only resort to one thing—goodness.    3. Faith has something to do with one’s conception about God.    4. The existence of God remains a matter of faith since it’s difficult to prove God to someone who does not believe.    5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are arguments that attempts to give informationRead MoreChapter 1 THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF REASONING 25116 Words   |  21 Pagesnot do it, so that when the hour of dire need draws nigh, it may find you not unnerved and untrained to stand the test. –William James 1.1.6 He that is taken and put into prison or chains is not conquered, though overcome; for he is still an enemy. –Thomas Hobbes 1.1.7 Logic is the last scientific ingredient of Philosophy; its extraction leaves behind only a confusion of non-scientific, pseudo problems. –Rudolph Carnap 1.1.8 It s always felt natural, because I m generally very comfortable with people

The Portrayal of Women in Homers Odyssey Essay - 1817 Words

Does Homer exhibit gender bias in the Odyssey? Is the nature of woman as depicted in the Odyssey in any way revealing? Upon examining the text of the Odyssey for differential treatment on men and women, it becomes necessary to distinguish between three possible conclusions. One, differences in treatment reflect the underlying Homeric thesis that women are different but equal in nature, Two, different treatment of men and women in the text reflect a thesis that women are different and unequal in nature -- arguments about misogyny fall in here but a host of other interpretive possibilities are possible too. Three, the different treatment reflects simple ignorance. How much do we attribute what we discover to male authorship -- or†¦show more content†¦Male seducers are represented as boys sowing their oats -- part of normal living. Seduced females are viewed as weak and treacherous -- a treachery that woman in her frailty is unable to avoid. This is a very bizarre message . The overt and easy emotional character of men and women is possibly one of the reasons many find this poem so enduringly human. Whatever our weaknesses and failings as humans men and women both are deeply moved by thoughts of home; memories of old love; lost friends; lost youth; and death. Men weep -- Odysseus prodigiously throughout the poem -- the poem is drenched in tears (squeeze text)-- and laughter too. The emotional overtones here are easy and free -- its an attractive and I think healthy world in that regard. there are contemporary understandings of human nature that view the capacity for easy emotional discharge as a key to thinking well, thinking rationally. Our intellectual capacities can be stopped up, occluded by, unfinished emotional work. A good cry, a good laugh, a good scream, is just what the doctor ordered. Retentive individuals, cultures, genders, tend to act differently -- irrationally in some areas. An alternate tack is to confront the unequal in nature charge -- misogynist in particular claim head on. Far from evil -- women in the Odyssey -- Penelope in particular -- present and offerShow MoreRelatedEssay about Portrayal of Women in Homers Odyssey719 Words   |  3 PagesThe Portrayal of Women in  Homers Odyssey In the first section of Odyssey, mortal women are presented to us as controlled by the stereotypes and expectations of the culture of the day, and it is only within that context that we can consider the examples Homer provides of women to be admired or despised. He provides us with clear contrasts, between Penelope and Eurycleia on the one hand, and Helen and Clytemnaestra on the other. In Penelope’s case, it is made clear that her freedom of actionRead MoreAn Essay on the Illiad868 Words   |  4 Pageshis culture’ and thus both The Iliad and The Odyssey are directed sources of their own period. Select any one episode or scene from either of the poems as one that you feel is most memorable. What does it tell about Homeric culture? A writer is a reflection of his age. A work of art is considered a mirror of the customs, culture, and concepts of the age to which it belongs. Homer’s writings are a true representation of this. His Iliad and Odyssey both reflect the old Greek culture, yet in HomericRead MoreThe Impacts Of The Odyssey In Homers The Odyssey1166 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on his long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus’ family left behind: the travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call â€Å"home wreckers†, suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguisesRead MoreVarying Cultural Structures in Homers The Illiad and The Odyssey1008 Words   |  5 PagesGreek m ythology deals significantly with culture and its factors, as they describe the societies and the people inhabiting it by depicting their everyday life and the state of their land. Both Hephaestus, in Homer’s Iliad, and Odysseus, in Homer’s The Odyssey, set out to portray the cultures that they saw, yet the cultures and societies varied greatly, from Hephaestus illustrating the highly developed societies of the Greek and their culture; while on the other hand, Odysseus seems baffled by howRead More Homers Odyssey and Dr. Seuss’ Youre Only Old Once Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesHomers Odyssey and Dr. Seuss’ Youre Only Old Once      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What animal walks on all fours in the morning, on two legs at noon, and on three legs at night? The famous riddle of the sphinx that has been pondered for many years; it is a universal issue that affects all people of every nationality, ethnicity, religion, or geographic area. We, ourselves, are the answer to this puzzle and yet we fight this explanation with every tool possible. We avoid it, refuse to admit it, read about it, jokeRead MoreEssay Homers Women: Empowerment from an Unlikely Feminist1959 Words   |  8 Pages Women have always been treated unfairly in society. Even in the modern era, women have just begun to receive their rights, many of which their male counterparts received long before. Women have their unique history and when looking back and learning of the histories behind people, including the background on women, the first place historians look are written works. Greek society is no different since much is known about it through Greek literature, such as the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey. HoweverRead MoreDifferences and Similarities in The Odyssey and Inferno When going through the stories The Odyssey600 Words   |  3 PagesDifferences and Similarities in The Odyssey and Inferno When going through the stories The Odyssey by Homer and Inferno by Dante, you get the feeling of how diverse, yet similar the two stories are. When reading The Odyssey, you find Ulysses trying to get home to his love, Penelope. He has been gone for twenty years, and through those years, he has struggled with good and evil, just like Dante in Inferno. Ulysses finds himself time after time fighting off gods and their children. Dante, strugglingRead MoreHuman Behavior Flows From Three Main Sources : Desire, Emotion, And Knowledge1427 Words   |  6 Pagesshowing similarities and differences expressed in The Odyssey and The Penelopiad. Stanley Lombardo’s translation of Homer’s The Odyssey is a story of Odysseus, Penelope’s husband, and his journey home after the battle of Troy. Throughout The Odyssey, the reader is left to evaluate Penelope’s behavior when he is gone as well as some of her actions when he returns from his journey. Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad, is a book related to The Odyssey; however, it is from Penelope’s point of view now thatRead More Greek Mythology Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters in Greek Mythology can have several different interpretations. Among these characters are the dangerous, yet gorgeous Sirens, bird-women who sit on a cliff singing bewitching songs to captivate the minds of innocent travelers and bring them to their deaths. In Homer’s The Odyssey and Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Siren Song,† both poets give different portrayals of the Sirens. Homer believes the Sirens to be irresistible in order to establish men as heroes whereas Atwood depicts them as unsightly andRead MoreExplain The Influence Of Homers Odyssey On Margaret Atwood2018 Words   |  9 PagesExplain the influence of Homer’s Odyssey on Margaret Atwood. Margaret Atwood said that after reading The Odyssey she had two questions; â€Å"what led to the hanging of the maids and what was Penelope really up to?†. In writing The Penelopiad, she felt she was able to answer those questions. The Odyssey is from Odysseus’ point of view, recorded by Homer, but is not the only version of the story as it was mainly handed down through generations orally, which can lead to details being changed. She wanted

Foreign Market Analysis on Launch of Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge

Question: Discuss about the Report for Foreign Market Analysis and Launch of Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge. Answer: Introduction Background Monaco is poised to be a lucrative market for smart phones such as the Samsung S7 Edge, often associated with high-class and middle-class individuals. Economic advancement was impelled in the late nineteenth century with the opening of the nation's first gambling club, Monte Carlo, and a railroad association with Paris. From that point forward, Monaco's gentle atmosphere, awe-inspiring landscape, and upscale betting offices have added to the realm's status as a chief visitors destination and diversion place for the rich and acclaimed. In later years, Monaco has turned into a noteworthy keeping money focus and has effectively tried to expand its economy into services and little, non-dirtying enterprises. The Principality has no wage levy; less business levies, also it is notable as a sanctuary for minimal taxation. It is additionally the organizer of the yearly road tour, the Monaco Grand Prix, a first of the Grand Prix of Formula One. Monaco boasts the globes second most astounding nominal GDP per capita at $146,133, GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita at $129,352 along with per capita GNI of $172,142. Likewise, it has a rate of unemployment at 1.9%, with more than 45,643 laborers who drive from France as well as Italy every day of the week, except weekends and public holidays. As indicated by the CIA World Factbook, Monaco has the least destitution population along with the most astounding figure of moguls as well as very rich people per capita on the planet. For four years consecutively, Monaco had the world's most costly real estate bazaar in 2012, at $55,000 per square meter (Monaco Statistics, 2016). The state holds syndications in various divisions, including tobacco and the postal administration. The phone system (Monaco Telecom) used to be completely possessed by the state. Then a portion of the company was sold to the investing public through an initial public offer (IPO). It is still, nevertheless, a restraining infrastructure. Expectations for everyday comforts are high, generally tantamount to folks in affluent French city territories. The economy of Albania is generally steady and shows potential for financial development. Its move from communism to free enterprise is additionally thought to be a significant achievement. In 2012, its GDP was at 12.35 billion U.S. dollars and is anticipated to increment up through 2020. Italy is the nation's most vital exchanging accomplice. In 2014, Albania had an exchange deficiency of $ 3 billion, despite the fact that the stature of the nation's exchange deficiency happened in 2008 with a less of just about $ 4 billion. Nevertheless, Albania has been relentlessly expanding its fares since 2004. In 2012, the national obligation of Albania added up to 63% of its GDP. One of the five meeting criteria to join the Euro region is an obligation to GDP proportion of not more than 60 percent, an objective the nation is probably going to accomplish throughout the following couple of years. Objectives of the study Business potential of a Smartphone The market demand for Samsung S7 Edge The economic and commercial size of Monaco vs. Albania Scope of the study This paper revolves around the bustling economy of Monaco. Smartphone manufactures have been keeping a keen eye of the lucrative economy, which is usually full of partygoers and holidaymakers. Samsung, recognized for purchaser products such as cell gadgets and domestic entertainment structures, is the global leading cell phone dealer. Considering that 2012, the South Korean organization has held a share of 21% to 33% within the Smartphone marketplace (Statistia, 2016). Apple has always been its closest rival over time, even as brands, which include Lenovo and Huawei, have additionally elevated their telephone marketplace share. Samsungs principal line of telephone merchandise is the Galaxy series, the first of which was released in April 2009. The business enterprises telephone shipments have increased hastily from 2.5 million on the beginning of 2010 to 86 million in the second half of 2015. In addition to being the chief inside the telephone marketplace, Samsung also holds a huge percentage of twenty-five percent of cell telephone income. That year of 2015, the South Korean organization bought over one hundred million mobile phones worldwide (Statista, 2016). Analysis of Monaco and Albania On 31 December 2014, the populace became envisioned at 38,400 inhabitants in line with the terms of Ministerial Decree No. 2016-290 of 20 April 2016. Between every census, the population figures are updated yearly in accordance with Sovereign Ordinance No. 2,726 of 27 April 2010 enhancing the Ordinance of 16 December 1862 on wearing out a census. A fashionable census of the populace is undertaken at ordinary durations. The most recent came about in 2000 and 2008. For the 2008 census, the methodology chosen met a 3-fold purpose to be in line with global census practices, take Monaco's unique needs and traits into consideration and improve the processing and reliability of the statistics acquired (Shankar, Gregory Farley, 2012).. The forms of incorporate questions in step with suggestions endorsed with the aid of the United Nations organization on carrying out a census. They have been changed since the 2000 census to take technological modifications and environmental problems into consideration. To make the questions easier to recognize and consequently reap extra reliable answers, the bureaucracy are available in English and Italian further to French, and a free helpline is available to citizens. The populace pyramid of Monegasque nationals has an abnormal form, due in part to the small populace and additionally to the 'naturalization' phenomenon that influences its form (Alice Bobby, 2010). Albania is an average nation in terms of income in Western European principles, with GDP per capita more prominent than the few nations in the locale. The GDP per capita (communicated in PPS Purchasing Power Standards) remained at 36% of the EU normal in 2009. Unemployment rate of 13.3% is significantly lower than numerous nations in Balkans, For example; Serbia has an unemployment rate of 24%. Farming in Albania utilizes 46.7% of the populace and around 25% of the land is utilized for agrarian purposes. Farming adds to 18.9% of the nation's GDP. Overall, the Albanian economy is not suitable for marketing high-end smart phones like the Samsung Galaxy S7 edge. The marketing strategy for such a phone will be more penetrative in Monaco. SWOT Analysis Strengths Samsung is the arenas most booming electronics producer; it is the sectors biggest producer of TV sets, liquid crystal display panels, cellular telephones and smart phones. Samsung is the arenas primary marketer of mobile phones with 23% of the worlds biggest market proportion in 2015. Samsung has robust manufacturing and advertising talents. Weaknesses Samsung is profoundly dependent on client electronics sales in markets with restricted capability for increase, which include the US and Europe, for an awful lot of its profits. A few purchasers view Apple products as more advanced and reliable than Samsung merchandise. A few Chinese manufactures are coming up to Samsung inside the phone marketplace. Opportunities Growing market for smart phones, Tablets and other cell gadgets, specifically in growing economies in which purchasers are unusual with desktops computers. Elevated orders of tablet and smart phone answers, or solutions Developing middle class in developing economies will enlarge marketplace for customer electronics. Threats Declining or stagnating middle-class earning in the US ought to lessen purchasing power in key markets for Samsung. Chinese producers along with Huawei and Xiaomi could become critical competitors to Samsung; those organizations proportion of the important mobile device marketplace is developing while Samsungs is declining. Evaluation of potential Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. is certainly the patron subordinate of electronics in the overall Samsung organization, a multinational based totally in South Korea. Out of the boundary of Korea, Samsung is deemed as the sectors biggest maker of cellular equipment and smart phones, which includes the quite trendy and triumphant Galaxy series. It is also the worlds biggest producer of TVs and LCD panels. Because of its production and advertising expertise, Samsung is considered the sectors second largest patron electronics agency. Its American competitor, Apple Inc. suggested huge sales. Samsung did record predicted revenue of $43.25 billion for the financial period of April to June in 2015. That number is primarily based on sales of forty eight trillion Korean won (French, Reynolds Rowena, 2011). The global cell phone market grew 12% in the 12 months of 2015, with 342 million shipments, consistent with records from the International Records Enterprise (IDC). This boom was commonly because of profits experienced in rising markets in Middle East and Africa (MEA). This area's consignment was somewhat lesser than projected therefore; IDC looks forward to a substantive delay in phone consignments as China, North America and Western Europe including Monaco and Albania, joins the expansion test in 2015. Samsung reasserted its international control with an improved focus on an affordable Smartphone (Tarun Shankar, 2013). Source: Gartner, 2016 Samsung has a considerable market share compared to other manufactures in the world, as we can notice in the figure above. Country choice The Galaxy S7 edge is likely to have a successful run in Monaco subsequent to its launch. The primary reason is that Monaco is some sort of a holiday resort and people are ready to spend a lot of money on new things. Moreover, almost all the people are employed due the neglible population of about 39,000. The growth in employment (public and private region), which changed into 2.7% as at 31 December 2014, and in wages brought about boom of 4.2% in the total extent of wages paid out. That pay represents half of GDP, illustrating the percentage of yearly-created wealth that is redistributed in the form of salaries and social protection contributions (Ross, 2012). Determination of targets The 17 million smart phones will somehow wreck the record that is currently held via the variety of Galaxy S6 gadgets, which was 14 million. The Galaxy S4 was the second most successful phone having shifted 15 million gadgets within the identical window of time when it was launched. As for the ratio of devices to be churned out, Samsung has decided to trade it to learn a lesson from its S6 areas loss of supply. Changing from a 4:1 to 6:4 ratios, Samsung hopes a good way to a probably lucrative call for the Galaxy S7 edge (Abhijit et al, 2013). Strategy description Increase and improvement are critical elements of technology (Gerard, Kathryn Carol, 2011). Consumers are in no way attached with certain generation products, they usually attempt to have the first-class. Such state of affairs has obliged technology manufacturers to create rapidly new devices that could fulfill the wishes of clients. Society has continually loved when the machine maximizes their lifestyles comfort and reduces the time spent on undesirable/easy obligations. Nowadays, Samsung has sparked regarding originality and in preference to fulfilling the wishes of the people. Moreover, Samsung has a fascinating plus a large assortment of manufactured goods. Their assortment consists of Tablets, laptops, TVs, smart phones, fridges, and so forth. By using this, I suggest that Samsungs advertising method has helped the company to entrust on each of the manufactured goods. 4.2 Advertising activities In an article by the Cult Branding Company (2016), the selling strategies of the Samsung S7 edge can be classified as follows: Cause Marketing Finding reasons each customer and the organization cares approximately can build trust in a commercial enterprise. This calls for inner knowledge approximately what an enterprise cares about and whom they need to assist in the any country. Relationship Marketing Many modern businesses build relationships with their clients in preference. Customers who love an emblem or logo may even spend extra money with the product. Transactional Marketing Using sales can be difficult, especially for retailers that have to sell continuously products in high volume to customers. So that it will stay with the needs of shareholders, stores need to inspire purchasers to shop by means of coupons, discounts, liquidations, and income events. 4.2.4 Scarcity Marketing In some markets, it is vital to govern how a great deal product is to be had at one time. In lots of instances that is carried out due to the difficulty of acquiring raw substances or good value of the product. An enterprise can also decide to make their products reachable to just a few clients. Word-of-mouth Consumers are often eager to share with the arena the product they find irresistible. Scores of clients find value in sharing stories of their preferred product. Word of Mouth is a historical approach people found out what to buy. Cutting-edge marketers have learned a way to generate real word of mouth for their enterprises and the goods they constitute. Conclusion Businesses need to be familiar with the buyers involvement ranges for their merchandise so they understand what problem fixing strategies the purchaser may be applying. There are three primary types of trouble fixing techniques used: routinized reaction conduct, restrained problem solving, and prolonged hassle solving. The prolonged hassle solving technique happens for excessive customer involvement merchandise, wherein clients spend greater time taking into consideration their choice. For that merchandise, a product with robust positioning and recognition is possibly conspicuous. Routinized Reaction Behavior (RRB) and constrained trouble solving (CTS) is used for merchandise with much less customer involvement, in which charge and availability can be extra determining elements than the brand or emblem reputation. Knowing how the client purchases a product, an agency can expand the suitable stage of brand positioning via an advertising blend. References Abhijit B, Sandeep B, Abhijit G, and Dhruv G (2013) Consumer Evaluations of Sale Prices: Role of the Subtraction Principle, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 49-66. Alice M. T and Bobby J. C (2010) Kellog on Marketing, 2nd edition, John Wiley Sons French J, Reynolds L, Rowena M (2011) Social Marketing casebook, SAGE Gerard H, Kathryn A and Carol B (2011) the SAGE Handbook of Social Marketing, SAGE Monaco Statistics (2016) Economy and Finance [Online] Available from https://www.monacostatistics.mc/ [Accessed 29 August 2016] Ross D (2012) Marketing Geography: with Special Reference to Retailing, reprints. Rutledge Shankar V, Gregory S and Farley J (2012) Handbook of Marketing Strategy, Edward Elgar Publishing Statista (2016) The statistics Report. [Online] Available from https://www.statista.com/statistics/271496/global-market-share-held-by-smartphone-vendors-since-4th-quarter-2009/ [Accessed 29 August 2016] Tarun Kushwaha and Shankar V (2013) Are Multichannel Customers Really More Valuable. The Moderating Role of Product Category Characteristics, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 67-85. The Cult Branding Company (2016) 52 Types of Marketing Strategies [Online] Available from https://cultbranding.com/ceo/52-types-of-marketing-strategies/ [Accessed 30 August 2016]

Themes in The Fault in Our Stars Essay Example

Themes in The Fault in Our Stars Paper In, The Fault in Our Stars, by John Greene there are times when characters are unsure about their decisions, because they do not fully understand life. The characters must realize what they have in times of hardship, make discussions alone, never look back on pain, and never push away people to fully understand life. One must not be afraid to make decisions on their own, in order to develop an understanding of life. The characters Augustus and Hazel start to see each other as more then friends. However, Gus shocked Hazel by pulling out a cigarette. â€Å"You put the killing thing right between your teeth, but you don’t give it the power to do its killing,† (20). After this, Gus explains to Hazel the symbol of self-control that the author uses. This makes Hazel aware that she can control her choices, and her misfortune does not hold her back. Instead, it shows her that life is about going your own way. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in The Fault in Our Stars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in The Fault in Our Stars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in The Fault in Our Stars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later, Isaac, Gus, and Hazel are outside of Isaac’s ex-girlfriend’s house and are getting ready to do something bad and liberating for Isaac. â€Å"Who cares where she is? This is not about her. This is about you,† (227). Isaac has not come to his senses and is still living in the past. Gus steps in and gets Isaac to realize that even after the grief of being blind, and being through a tough breakup, he must accept the choices he made, and not be frightened of the future. One must not live in the past, and one must accept their choices. If Isaac or Hazel did not fully understand this, it may cause them or the ones around them to become hurt. One must leave behind what has hurt them in the past to better appreciate life. Hazel has gone to Gus’ house to play video games, and notices that Gus always sacrifices himself in order to save the others, which makes Gus feel good. â€Å"Saved the kids Temporarily All salvation is temporary,† (59). Gus has already figured that out. Even though he was pained from cancer, and the death of a l

An Introduction to Inti and the Inca Sun God

An Introduction to Inti and the Inca Sun God The Inca culture of Western South America had a complex religion and one of their most important deities was Inti, the Sun. There were many temples to Inti and Sun worship affected many aspects of life for the Inca, including architecture, festivals and the semi-divine status of the royal family. The Inca Empire The Inca Empire stretched from present-day Colombia to Chile and included most of Peru and Ecuador. The Inca were an advanced, wealthy culture with sophisticated record-keeping, astronomy and art. Originally from the Lake Titicaca area, the Inca were once one tribe of many in the high Andes, but they began a systematic program of conquest and assimilation and by the time of their first contact with Europeans their Empire was vast and complex. Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro first encountered the Inca in 1533 and swiftly conquered the Empire. Inca Religion Inca religion was complicated and incorporated many aspects of the sky and nature. The Inca had a pantheon of sorts: major Gods who had individual personalities and duties. The Inca also venerated countless huacas: these were minor spirits that inhabited places, things and sometimes people. A huaca could be anything that stood out from its surroundings: a large tree, a waterfall, or even a person with a curious birthmark. The Inca also venerated their dead and considered the royal family to be semi-divine, descended from the Sun. Inti, the Sun God Of the major gods, Inti, the Sun God, was second only to Viracocha, the creator god, in importance. Inti was higher-ranking than other gods such as the Thunder God and Pachamama, the Earth Mother. The Inca visualized Inti as a man: his wife was the Moon. Inti was the Sun and controlled all that implies: the Sun brings warmth, light and sunshine necessary for agriculture. The Sun (in conjunction with the Earth) had the power over all food: it was by his will that crops grew and animals thrived. The Sun God and the Royal Family The Inca royal family believed they were directly descended from Apu Inti (Lord Sun) through the first great Inca ruler, Manco Capac. The Inca royal family was therefore considered semi-divine by the people. The Inca himself - the word Inca actually means King or Emperor although it now refers to the entire culture - was considered very special and subject to certain rules and privileges. Atahualpa, the last true Emperor of the Inca, was the only one observed by the Spaniards. As the descendant of the Sun, his every whim was fulfilled. Anything he touched was stored away, later to be burned: these included everything from half-eaten ears of corn to sumptuous cloaks and clothing. Because the Inca royal family identified themselves with the Sun, it is no accident that the greatest temples in the Empire were dedicated to Inti. The Temple of Cuzco The greatest temple in the Inca Empire was the temple of the Sun in Cuzco. The Inca people were rich in gold, and this temple was unrivalled in its magnificence. It was known as Coricancha (Golden Temple) or Inti Cancha or Inti Wasi (Temple of the Sun or House of the Sun). The temple complex was massive, and included quarters for the priests and servants. There was a special building for the mamaconas, women who served the Sun and even slept in the same room as one of the Sun idols: they were said to be his wives. The Incas were master stonemasons and the temple represented the pinnacle of Inca stonework: parts of the temple are still visible today (the Spanish built a Dominican church and convent on the site). The temple was full of golden objects: some walls were covered in gold. Much of this gold was sent to Cajamarca as part of Atahualpas Ransom. Sun Worship Much Inca architecture was designed and built to assist in the worship of the Sun, Moon and stars. The Inca often built pillars which marked the position of the Sun at the solstices, which were celebrated by grand festivals. The Inca lords would preside at such festivals. In the great temple of the Sun, a high-ranking Inca woman – generally the sister of the reigning Inca, if one were available – was in charge of the cloistered women who served as the Sun’s â€Å"wives.† The priests observed holy days such as solstices and prepared the appropriate sacrifices and offerings. Eclipses The Inca could not predict solar eclipses, and when one occurred, it tended to trouble them greatly. The diviners would attempt to figure out why Inti was displeased, and sacrifices would be offered. The Inca rarely practiced human sacrifice, but an eclipse sometimes was considered cause to do so. The reigning Inca would often fast for days after an eclipse and withdraw from public duties. Inti Raymi One of the most important religious events of the Inca was Inti Ramyi, the annual festival of the sun. It took place in the seventh month of the Inca Calendar on June 20 or 21, the date of the Summer Solstice. Inti Raymi was celebrated all over the Empire, but the main celebration took place in Cuzco, where the reigning Inca would preside over the ceremonies and festivities. It opened with the sacrifice of 100 llamas selected for brown fur. The festival lasted for several days. Statues of the Sun God and other gods were brought out, dressed up and paraded around and sacrifices were made to them. There was much drinking, singing and dancing. Special statues were made of wood, representing certain gods: these were burned at the end of the festival. After the festival, the ashes of the statues and sacrifices were brought to a special place on a hillside: only those disposing of these ashes were ever allowed to go there. Inca Sun Worship The Inca Sun god was relatively benign: he was not destructive or violent like some Aztec Sun Gods like Tonatiuh or Tezcatlipoca. He only showed his wrath when there was an eclipse, at which point the Inca priests would sacrifice people and animals to appease him. The Spanish priests considered Sun Worship to be pagan at best (and thinly-disguised Devil worship at worst) and went to great lengths to stamp it out. Temples were destroyed, idols burned, festivals forbade. It is a grim testament to their zeal that very few Andeans practice any sort of traditional religion today. Most of the great Inca goldwork at the Cuzco Temple of the Sun and elsewhere found its way into the melting fires of the Spanish conquistadors - countless artistic and cultural treasures were melted down and shipped to Spain. Father Bernabà © Cobo tells the story of one Spanish soldier named Manso Serra who was awarded a massive Inca sun idol as his share of Atahualpas Ransom. Serra lost the idol gambling and its eventual fate is unknown. Inti is enjoying a bit of a comeback lately. After centuries of being forgotten, Inti Raymi is once more being celebrated in Cuzco and other parts of the former Inca Empire. The festival is popular among native Andeans, who see it as a way to reclaim their lost heritage, and tourists, who enjoy the colorful dancers. Sources De Betanzos, Juan. (translated and edited by Roland Hamilton and Dana Buchanan) Narrative of the Incas. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 2006 (1996). Cobo, Father Bernabe. Inca Religion and Customs. Roland Hamilton (Translator), Paperback, New Ed edition, University of Texas Press, May 1, 1990. Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. (translated by Sir Clement Markham). History of the Incas. 1907. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1999.

Bullying and Social Deviance Essays

Bullying and Social Deviance Essays Bullying and Social Deviance Essay Bullying and Social Deviance Essay Essay Topic: Cyber Bullying The subject I have chosen resonates with me personally as I have experienced it at first hand. I besides think it is a subject that many can associate excessively. I know a batch of people have either been bullied. been the bully or witnessed it themselves. I have chosen intimidation and how it is a societal aberrance. Bullying cane be defined as the usage of power and aggression to do hurt or control another. Strong-arming itself manifest in all ages. from kids in grade school all the manner through grownup goon. I have seen it and the effects of it. no good comes from strong-arming. I besides know that while yes it can stem from some kind of favoritism it does non ever aim a certain race. sexual orientation or gender. Bullying has a immense spectrum ; those antecedently listed can be grounds why but so can your societal position. civilization or even the trade name of vesture you wear. Most of these grounds are out of anyone’s manus. people are normally born into these fortunes no 1 chooses to be a individual of colour nor do they take their gender. contrary to what some believe. I believe personally that intimidation is the worst as you are traveling through school. You are still seeking to calculate out who you are and that last thing you need is person seeking to state you that. Besides. strong-arming today is far different because now we have the cyber kingdom to see. Everything from shopping to pass oning to people abroad can be done via the web and societal media unluckily plays a important function in our lives. Now with that said. you can literally be bullied from the comfort of your ain place which should be a safe zone. You can be a mark for many grounds. organic structure image. gender and the list goes on but the inquiry is how do we halt it? How do we forestall kids from cyber intimidation? What should the penalty of this be. if any? Throughout the class we learned how different theories and positions better help us research and specify the different aberrances that people demonstrate. One of those theories that goes manus and manus with intimidation is the labeling theory and that is for obvious grounds. The labeling theory is a theory in which the regulation devising and the reactions to the regulations that are being broken ( Goode. 2011. pg. 52 ) . The manner this correlates to intimidation is fundamentally with every action there is a clear and opposite reaction. An illustration of this would be person is bullied twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out now they want to either hurt themselves to get away the torture or the victim wants retaliation. So now we have a reaction to the action which is the intimidation. Therefore it has a snow ball consequence of another aberrant behaviour because personal injury to either party is involved. Harmonizing to the article by Douglas Vanderbilt and Marilyn Augustyn there are a overplus of effects from being bullied. Bullying is in fact a major job for kids. There are chiseled hazard factors for intimidation that are single and societal. Beyond the immediate injury of sing strong-arming. victims are at high hazard of the ulterior physical and emotional disorders ( Vanderbilt A ; Augustyn. 2010 ) . There are multiple regulations that are broken when it comes to strong-arming. basic human rights are violated. and favoritism may even take topographic point among many issues. Strong-arming leaves important injury on people as stated from the article this is both physical and emotional. The issues that can originate from this are critical and forestalling intimidation is the key. As stated in the article every bit good. there are marks of intimidation by both the bully and the victim. Acknowledging them could be immense in protecting person and possible acquiring the toughs themse lves help every bit good. As we transition into the subject of intimidation and victimization the College of Family Physicians of Canada published an first-class article to reexamine the epidemiology. designation. and direction of intimidation and victimization among people in their primary scene. This article presents a reappraisal of intimidation and associated symptoms. a tool for measuring strong-arming engagement. and an overview of intercession and direction. With an increased consciousness and apprehension of strong-arming as a wellness job. doctors can play an instrumental function in placing people involved in intimidation and supplying them with the support needed to develop healthy relationships ( Lamb. Pepler. A ; Craig. 2009 ) If we have kids that are targeted early on in life this could hold long term effects on them so it is important they get the aid needed to develop healthy relationships. By making so we will be puting people up for success which is merely just since they were cheated from it. Although non everyone that is bullied will necessitate assist it all varies on the individual themselves and the extent of the intimidation that took topographic point. By using the labeling theory we can see how such basic regulations are broken. but what is broken is besides fixable. The job needs to be addressed in order to make that. The following theory will be the functionalist theory. Functionalism adopts a consensus paradigm: Harmony is the regulation. and a break of that harmoniousness calls for stairss to restore peace and repose. ( Goode. 2011. pg. 58 ) We can analyze what made the single become a bully. This could hold stemmed from a dysfunctional household life. possibly this individual saw their parent be bullied by the other. or a parent ( s ) bullies the kids. There is a good opportunity that bullies themselves face a confusion of issues at place that cause internal hurting and choler. as a consequence they attack others. Once we have identified this disfunction and acknowledge that there is a job we can so repair it. I believe that nine times out of 10 person doesn’t wake up and go a bully. they are taught it. Peoples are non born hating. it is something that is taught. and this peculiar wont is likely picked up at place unluckily. It has a ripple consequence. this wont is picked up at place and brought to school or the work topographic point and so on as so forth. ( Swearer. Espelage. Vaillancourt. A ; Hymel. 2010 ) This article addresses what can be done one time intimidation has occurred which is really of import. Strong-arming sometimes is non preventable and it can go on but the of import thing is one time it does what is done to rectify the issue. Making a safe work topographic point and acquisition environment is critical. Besides. saying in any clauses or work environment regulations that intimidation is non and will be tolerated. Peoples should experience safe when they are either at school or work. no 1 should hold to experience uncomfortable because this atrociousness is tolerated. This besides covers how a individual is non born a bully but created. This is a erudite behaviour. it is taught to feed on the weak and defenseless because they make easy marks. It is all a portion of the theory of strong-arming. Choose person that you know won’t put up a battle this in bend makes you experience better about yourself. superior about. If this happens in a school the kid could be threatened with detainment or even suspension. The work topographic point can hold a similar type of penalty. suspension without wage is normally adequate to halt person for being a bully. Last. the struggle theory will assist me farther explore the issue of strong-arming. In contrast to functionalism. the struggle theory sees groups with viing and colliding interesting. they see battles between and among classs. sectors. groups. an d categories in the society. with victors and also-rans ensuing from the result of these struggles ( Goode. 2011 pg. 58 ) . The struggle theory is likely one of the strongest out of the three to better place this issue. With the cyber realm playing such a polar function in our day-to-day modus operandi intimidation has become basically easier to make ( Sabella. Patchin. A ; Hinduja. 2013 ) . A individual can literally be bullied from their ain place. so where is the safe zone? Cyber intimidation is so much easier with all the societal media. Unfortunately this is the society we live in with smart phones and computing machines governing our societal life. The viing and clashing of people assailing one another is simple. The sad portion is aliens can leap upon the intimidation bandwagon and the following thing this victim knows they have tonss of people assailing them alternatively of one. Once this happens the victim can endure enormously. Not merely are they being attacked at school or work but at place and it is distributing like wild fire. This has a immense consequence on the victim’s self-este em and as antecedently discussed this could hold long term harmful effects on them. Previous research on traditional intimidation among striplings has found a comparatively consistent nexus between victimization and lower self-pride. while happening an inconsistent relationship between piquing and lower self-esteem ( Patchin A ; Hinduja. 2010 ) This is why it is of import to cognize what intimidation is. how to halt it and one time person has been victimized how to acquire them proper aid. Throughout this class we learned a figure of ways to place different aberrances. We learned out to categorise them and better research them by utilizing different constructs and theories. By using the labeling. functionalist. and conflict theory I was better equipped to research intimidation and link it as a societal aberrance. Once that was established the research articles supported the thesis. Bullying is an atrocious job that causes far more harm than good and can take to many jobs down the route. While it is an unfortunate issue it is preventable and non a lasting job. It is of import that people feel and are non victimized one time they seek aid. I know at first hand that strong-arming can make long term jobs but with the right aid and assistance it can besides be stopped. It stops with people taking base and contending for the 1s t hat can non contend for themselves. Again. people are non born hating and being barbarous it is taught so if they are taught to detest they can larn how to be sort. Mentions: Sabella. R. A. . Patchin. J. W. . A ; Hinduja. S. ( 2013 ) . Cyberbullying myths and worlds. Computers in Human Behavior. 29 ( 6 ) . 2703-2711. Vanderbilt. D. ( 2010 ) . The Effects of Bullying. Pediatricss and Child Health. 315-320. Lamb. J. . Pepler. D. J. Craig. W. ( 2009 ) . Can Fam Physician. Apr 2009 ; 55 ( 4 ) : 356–360. Swearer. S. M. Espelage. D. L. . Vaillancour. T. . Hymel. S. ( 2010 ) What Can Be Done About School Bullying? . Eduational Researcher. pg 38-47 Patchin JW. Hinduja S. Cyberbullying and self-esteem. J Sch Health. 2010 ; 80: 614-621 Goode. E. ( 2011 ) . Aberrant Behavior ( 9th ed. ) . Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Inc.

Educational policy reform Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educational policy reform - Assignment Example This education policies undermined women contrary to their belief of upholding respect for women. Reforms made on the education sector has seen women education being overseen by the ministry of education and the educational policies support educational equality in opportunities for both women and men. The ministry is also sending women to further their education abroad which has resulted in increased number of Saudi women in leadership. This article explores the transition of women education form traditional to current reforms which promote education for women and the significant achievements this has had on the society in general (Amani, 2005). This issue contrast and compares to the educational situation in New Jersey which is my immediate environment. New Jersey has not experienced the extreme cases of discrimination against the education of women. The educational reform policies maintain that all the students should have equal access to educational facilities and resources and also provide suitable services and instruction to English Language Learners. This is provided for by the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA). To be EEOA compliance, educational institutions are required to provide adequate and timely evaluation of the learning outcomes of all English Language Learners, provide quality instruction and services and observing and recording of their academic improvement. However, a review was done on a section of the Bound Brook New Jersey School District which indicated that there were several concerns regarding integration of the English Language Learners into the schools mainstream as thus they were discriminated on the compliance issue above. While there are cases of racial segregation, there has not been any reported cases of gender segregation. In the US, the education policy had been distributive at their inception where the teachers and educational institutions were